{"id":37342,"date":"2024-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aebanca.es\/actualidad\/te-interesa\/entrevistas\/we-have-a-growth-problem-in-europe-we-need-growth-and-confidence-expectations-and-enthusiasm\/"},"modified":"2026-04-16T11:05:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T09:05:19","slug":"we-have-a-growth-problem-in-europe-we-need-growth-and-confidence-expectations-and-enthusiasm","status":"publish","type":"entrevistas","link":"https:\/\/aebanca.es\/en\/actualidad\/te-interesa\/entrevistas\/we-have-a-growth-problem-in-europe-we-need-growth-and-confidence-expectations-and-enthusiasm\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;We have a growth problem in Europe. We need growth and confidence, expectations and enthusiasm.&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>Alejandra Kindel\u00e1n Oteyza (Caracas, Venezuela, 1971) has been the President of the Spanish Banking Association since April 2022. She is the first woman to hold this immense responsibility. Additionally, she holds one of the vice-presidencies of CEOE and is a member of the Institute of Economic Studies, the Observatory of the School of Industrial Organization (EOI), and the board of trustees of the Financial Studies Foundation, among many other responsibilities.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>We have just experienced one of the greatest natural disasters in Spain&#8217;s history, which has left a trail of death and destruction, especially in the Valencian Community. In the face of administrative inefficiency, civil society has shown its best. What initiatives is the banking sector offering to help those affected by this tragedy?  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are shocked and fully committed to supporting the victims and their families, as well as those who have lost everything. We are working tirelessly to offer solutions. We are channeling all donations, which already amount to 28 million. We are also involved in assessing the damages. The Spanish banking sector has a credit exposure in the area of 20 billion. It is crucial to implement immediate measures, such as granting a three-month grace period to companies and citizens so that they do not have to service their loans, including principal and interest, during that time. This affects consumer loans, as well as mortgages and business loans. After these first three months, the grace period will only apply to the principal, not the interest. This is unavoidable due to our demanding internal regulations. We must prevent these individuals or companies from being perceived as delinquent. Work is also underway with the authorities to secure the most favorable regulatory treatment possible. There is much more, in agreement with public administrations, the Ministry of Economy, and the ICO. We will design a credit guarantee line, with public backing, which already proved effective during COVID. Back then, it amounted to 140 billion. The situation in Valencia is different because businesses have been destroyed. The number may be smaller, but the impact on each individual is enormous. The first priority is direct aid, which the Government has already announced. After that, banks will respond with these lines agreed upon with the ICO and the Ministry to ensure they have a public guarantee, flow smoothly, and cover all financing needs that companies and citizens may have. This is a medium-term effort.                   <\/p>\n<p><strong>Another major news item in recent days is Donald Trump&#8217;s landslide victory. What is your interpretation and assessment of his opponent, Kamala Harris, who was already Vice President under Biden, being overwhelmed? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a before and after this return of Trump because it will change many things. He has announced policies that will have a great impact, both in the US and abroad. One of the clearest will be the implementation of tariffs on trade, very high for Chinese products, but also for the rest of the world. This will weigh on the global economy. There will be less trade, it will be more expensive, and it will also generate more inflation. Regarding Ukraine or his relationship with China, it is unpredictable. He has announced some directions that should serve as a warning. The good news is that a roadmap is already designed, because Europe has been working on this new scenario for several months. After COVID, the war in Ukraine, or the energy issue with Russia, Europe has undergone a reflection embodied in two reports: Enrico Letta&#8217;s, on how to strengthen the single market again in areas such as energy, telecommunications, and the financial sector, and Mario Draghi&#8217;s, on competitiveness, growth, and how Europe should focus on these objectives. The role of banking in these areas is fundamental.         <\/p>\n<p><strong>Why haven&#8217;t faster steps been taken?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sometimes we need that European leadership and that grand vision. We were emerging from a brutal financial crisis, and many things had to be accommodated. At the time, it was said that southern countries had to lower their risk levels before mutualizing it. This has now been done. We see the debt levels, and the deleveraging of the private sector in Spain is enormous, as is the reduction in non-performing loans. Not only Spain, but also Italy. Countries that were suspect a decade ago have greatly improved in risk reduction. The challenges facing Europe must be financed. With banking union and greater scale, we would be more competitive, more stable, and have more strength to operate and act on challenges such as the green transition and the digital transition. Trump will do what he has to do, but we Europeans are the ones who must take this very seriously.          <\/p>\n<p><strong>You are the first woman to lead the Spanish banking employers&#8217; association. What does it mean to you to be in this position? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is a privilege, because I have the trust of the banks that appointed me and because I have known the AEB for many years through my career, from Banco Santander where I remained for 28 years, and Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Rold\u00e1n and Miguel Mart\u00edn, my predecessors, two magnificent professionals with brilliant careers. There are other privileges, such as serving our sector and highlighting its capacity and power. Our banking sector is financially strong and very responsible, always attentive to society&#8217;s challenges, as now with the DANA storm and previously with the pandemic. I did not seek to enter banking. When I finished my studies in Economics and Political Science, I was looking for a place where I could contribute those utopian ideas of youth to improve the world. I lived in different countries during my childhood, such as Venezuela, and saw their contrasts. I aspired to improve the situation of these countries that were not as mature. I joined the research department of a bank and ended up learning about the role of banking through credit, helping and financing companies and families to fulfill their dreams.       <\/p>\n<p><strong>Banking is a sector that is often heavily criticized. I don&#8217;t know if it&#8217;s due to its own fault, poor communication of its purposes and objectives, or certain political instrumentalization. What is its reputation at this moment and how can it be improved?  <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is a very clear objective. I prefer to speak more about image than reputation, because reputation has a component of trust, and Spanish society trusts banks. We were talking about the DANA storm, about the aid, but the deposits, loans, and all banking activity in Spain are enormous. Banks, in fact, hold more credit and deposits than Spain&#8217;s GDP: 1.7 trillion Spanish euros. It is true that there are image issues that we must improve. We had a huge crisis some years ago, caused by entities that were not constituted as banks, highly politicized, and making decisions based on criteria that were neither economic nor market-driven. This led to a loss of image. There were many needs; we had to help the depositors of those entities with public aid. There was no other way. The strongest and healthiest entities contributed up to 23 billion euros to the deposit guarantee fund, which supported the depositors of those that did have problems. The banking sector was not rescued; those depositors were helped with a contribution of funds from the healthiest entities. But it affected the sector&#8217;s image. We regained image with COVID, where our ability to support companies and families in trouble was evident. I treasure wonderful testimonies: conversations between branch managers or commercial agents and their clients telling them: &#8220;Here we are, don&#8217;t worry: you&#8217;ve closed your business for who knows how many weeks, but you have our support.&#8221; Those public-private collaboration lines and credit with ICO guarantees worked very well. 140 billion that sustained the Spanish productive fabric. That allowed us to regain our image. The recent period of interest rate hikes has forced us to explain many things. The sector experienced ten years of zero and negative interest rates, where profitability was a problem for us. That situation has reversed, and the profitability of entities is improving. It is true that the gross numbers we see when publishing results, perhaps 26 billion for this year, seem exorbitant to any citizen. We have to explain, first, that 60% is generated outside Spain, and second, that a third of those profits go to taxes. In corporate tax and the special levy on the sector alone, 12.5 billion has been paid, plus another 2 billion in other types of taxes. Another third is destined to remunerate investors. We need to have reserves and capital to continue generating credit. We have to explain all of this, as well as the fact that only by being profitable can we respond to the needs of society.                        <\/p>\n<p><strong>Why have banks been so critical of the extraordinary tax on banking and the possibility of it ceasing to be temporary and becoming permanent?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is a clear cost and a brake on the Spanish economy, on the ability to provide credit to companies and families, and therefore on its potential for growth and and development. The temporary levy was justified by rising interest rates and extraordinary profits. Now that has turned around, and possibly, as announced by the European Central Bank, rates will continue to fall. We also face enormous geopolitical risks, especially after the US election results. These will be accompanied by evident economic risks. There are other ways to do this. In Italy, indeed, a temporary levy was implemented that was associated with strengthening your capital, your solvency as an entity, and you could deduct it. This addresses the concern of the supervisor and regulator in that environment of geopolitical uncertainty and economic risk. The message is that banks remain strong, and this was conveyed, for example, in the reports published by the ECB, the International Monetary Fund, and even some other international organizations on the temporary levy in Spain. And now, when everything has changed, the context that generated that levy, we decide to make it permanent. The only ones in Europe. We don&#8217;t understand it. Of course, I am critical.            <\/p>\n<p><strong>Is there room for negotiation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Everything depends on a complicated political context. But it certainly won&#8217;t be for lack of effort. We are striving to explain its consequences and impact. We hear that &#8220;the energy companies have had the tax removed.&#8221; What good news! It&#8217;s not the same business, because we need energy companies investing and creating jobs and making that much-needed green transition, but in the same way, we need banking to finance the green and digital transition of all our industries. Some people reiterate the issue of banking profits, but these must always be measured in relation to capital.      <\/p>\n<p><strong>In my opinion, in Spain, we have a problem with public education. Not towards professionals, but towards the general public and the media. Citizens feel a disaffection with the system. I believe Kamala Harris&#8217;s defeat reflects a break with the establishment, politicians, and large corporations. And banks are in the middle of it.    <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are seeing a lot of polarization in the world, and one way to curb it is by generating greater economic growth. We have a growth problem in Europe, and our engine, Germany, is in recession. We need growth and confidence, expectations and enthusiasm. All of this is generated through work, economic study, companies that create jobs and have the opportunity to invest, to continue growing, competing, and attracting talent. And that is why it is so important that this European agenda permeates all levels. That it is not just a slogan. To focus on growing to finance and execute the green transition and the digital transition. This will reduce polarization. Thus, we will have more work, more employment, more enthusiasm, more progress.        <\/p>\n<p><strong>Do you really believe that economic power, large companies, your association, along with other sectors, especially regulated ones, can exert pressure so that politics does not put on such a lamentable spectacle as with the management of the DANA storm? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I believe in public-private collaboration. It has worked very well, and these past few days we have had an example because we have effectively managed to get a royal decree approved with financing lines and ICO guarantees that banks will channel. And we had another example during COVID. That is the approach when we sit down and work together. Today we come from a meeting with His Majesty the King, and it was wonderful to sit together, in this case the private sector, but also collaborating with different entities and associations to provide answers. We have worked with the Ministry of Economy and various public administrations in rural Spain, to expand the physical presence of our sector in areas that have been depopulating. We have collaborated to provide better in-person care for the elderly. There are many areas where I believe this collaboration is fundamental to jointly solve the problems this country faces.       <\/p>\n<p><strong>Interview conducted by Euprepio Padula<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aebanca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/entrevista-alejandra-kindeln-revista-esquire.pdf\">Download the interview<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our president, Alejandra Kindel\u00e1n, analyzes the current state of the banking sector in this interview and highlights its strength and strong social commitment at a crucial moment for Spain and Europe. Among other topics, she details the measures implemented to support those affected by the DANA floods and the negative economic consequences of the new banking tax. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":37344,"parent":0,"template":"","etiquetas":[286,287,292,288,290],"class_list":["post-37342","entrevistas","type-entrevistas","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","etiquetas-alejandra-kindelan","etiquetas-banca","etiquetas-financiacion","etiquetas-impuesto-a-la-banca","etiquetas-m_entrevistas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;We have a growth problem in Europe. 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